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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Scry" redirects here; not to be confused with <a href="Scrye" title="Scrye">Scrye</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Main articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li>

<li><a href="Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li>

<li><a href="Bilocation" title="Bilocation">Bilocation</a></li>

<li><a href="Inedia" title="Inedia">Breatharianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">Clairvoyance</a></li>

<li><a href="Close_encounter" title="Close encounter">Close encounter</a></li>

<li><a href="Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li>

<li><a href="Evocation" title="Evocation">Conjuration</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Demonic possession</a></li>

<li><a href="Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li>

<li><a href="Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">Doppelgänger</a></li>

<li><a href="Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">Ectoplasm</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li>

<li><a href="Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a></li>

<li><a href="Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">Extrasensory perception</a></li>

<li><a href="Forteana" class="mw-redirect" title="Forteana">Forteana</a></li>

<li><a href="Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghost_hunting" title="Ghost hunting">Ghost hunting</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations" title="List of reportedly haunted locations">Haunted locations</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_India" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in India">India</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li>

<li><a href="Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li>

<li><a href="Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li>

<li><a href="Ouija" title="Ouija">Ouija</a></li>

<li><a href="Paranormal_fiction" title="Paranormal fiction">Paranormal fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Paranormal_television" title="Paranormal television">Paranormal television</a></li>

<li><a href="Precognition" title="Precognition">Precognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Preternatural" title="Preternatural">Preternatural</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychic" title="Psychic">Psychic</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychic_reading" title="Psychic reading">Psychic reading</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychometry_(paranormal)" title="Psychometry (paranormal)">Psychometry</a></li>

<li><a href="Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_viewing" title="Remote viewing">Remote viewing</a></li>

<li><a href="Retrocognition" title="Retrocognition">Retrocognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">Spirit photography</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirit_world_(Spiritualism)" title="Spirit world (Spiritualism)">Spirit world</a></li>

<li><a href="Spiritualism_(beliefs)" title="Spiritualism (beliefs)">Spiritualism</a></li>

<li><a href="Stone_Tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone Tape">Stone Tape</a></li>

<li><a href="Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li>

<li><a href="Telekinesis" title="Telekinesis">Telekinesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Telepathy" title="Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li>

<li><a href="Table-turning" title="Table-turning">Table-turning</a></li>

<li><a href="Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Cold_reading" title="Cold reading">Cold reading</a></li>

<li><a href="Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li>

<li><a href="Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunking</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_prizes_for_evidence_of_the_paranormal" title="List of prizes for evidence of the paranormal">Prizes for evidence of the paranormal</a></li>

<li><a href="Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">Pseudoskepticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_literacy" title="Scientific literacy">Scientific literacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Anomalous_experiences" title="Anomalous experiences">Anomalous experiences</a></li>

<li><a href="Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparitional experiences</a></li>

<li><a href="Empath" title="Empath">Empath</a></li>

<li><a href="False_awakening" title="False awakening">False awakening</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Ideomotor_phenomenon" title="Ideomotor phenomenon">Ideomotor phenomenon</a></li>

<li><a href="Out-of-body_experience" title="Out-of-body experience">Out-of-body experiences</a></li>

<li><a href="Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li>

<li><a href="Synchronicity" title="Synchronicity">Synchronicity</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Anomalistics" title="Anomalistics">Anomalistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li>

<li><a href="Argumentum_ad_populum" title="Argumentum ad populum">Argumentum ad populum</a></li>

<li><a href="Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Begging_the_question" title="Begging the question">Begging the question</a></li>

<li><a href="Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li>

<li><a href="Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li>

<li><a href="Fallacy" title="Fallacy">Fallacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li>

<li><a href="Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li>

<li><a href="Groupthink" title="Groupthink">Groupthink</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li>

<li><a href="Protoscience" title="Protoscience">Protoscience</a></li>

<li><a href="Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">Scientific evidence</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li>

<li><a href="Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li>

<li><a href="Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">Uncertainty</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p><b>Scrying</b>, also referred to as "seeing" or "peeping," is a practice rooted in <a href="Divination" title="Divination">divination</a> and <a href="Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">fortune-telling</a>. It involves gazing into a medium, hoping to receive significant messages or visions that could offer personal guidance, <a href="Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophecy</a>, <a href="Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a>, or inspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-19-861271-0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-19-861271-0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice lacks a definitive distinction from other forms of <a href="Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">clairvoyance</a> or divination but generally relies on visions within the chosen medium. Unlike <a href="Augury" title="Augury">augury</a>, which interprets observable events, or divination, which follows standardized rituals, scrying's impressions arise within the medium itself.

</p><p>The terminology and methods of scrying are diverse and lack a standardized structure. Practitioners coin terms such as "crystallomancy," "spheromancy," or "<a href="Catoptromancy" title="Catoptromancy">catoptromancy</a>," naming practices based on the medium or technique employed. These practices have been reinvented throughout history, spanning cultures and regions. Scrying media encompass reflective, refractive, or luminescent surfaces like crystals, mirrors, water, fire, or smoke. Some practitioners even close their eyes, engaging in "eyelid scrying."

</p><p>Methods of scrying often include self-induced <a href="Trance" title="Trance">trances</a>, using media like <a href="Crystal_ball" title="Crystal ball">crystal balls</a> or even modern technology like <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>. Practitioners enter a focused state that reduces mental clutter, enabling the emergence of visual images. These initial images, however trivial, are amplified during the trance. Some scryers report that they hear their voice affirming what they see, creating a mental feedback loop.

</p><p>Throughout history, various traditions and cultures have practiced scrying as a means of revealing the past, present, or future. The practice involves diverse media, from reflective surfaces to shimmering mirages, and is often accompanied by <a href="Ritual" title="Ritual">rituals</a> inducing <a href="Altered_states_of_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Altered states of consciousness">altered states of consciousness</a>. Despite its popularity in <a href="Occult" title="Occult">occult</a> circles and its portrayal in media, scrying lacks empirical support and has been met with skepticism from the scientific community.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions_and_terminology">Definitions and terminology</h2></div>

<p>There is no definitive distinction between scrying and other aids to <a href="Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">clairvoyance</a>, <a href="Augury" title="Augury">augury</a>, or <a href="Divination" title="Divination">divination</a>, but roughly speaking, scrying depends on impressions of visions in the medium of choice. Ideally in this respect it differs from augury, which relies on interpretations of objectively observable objects or events (such as flight of birds); from divination, which depends on standardized processes or rituals; from <a href="Oneiromancy" title="Oneiromancy">oneiromancy</a>, which depends on the interpretation of dreams; from the physiological effects of <a href="Psychoactive_drug" title="Psychoactive drug">psychoactive drugs</a>; and from clairvoyance, which notionally does not depend on objective sensory stimuli. Clairvoyance in other words, is regarded as amounting in essence to <a href="Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">extrasensory perception</a>.

</p><p>Scrying is neither a single, clearly defined, nor formal discipline and there is no uniformity in the procedures, which repeatedly and independently have been reinvented or elaborated in many ages and regions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas1905_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas1905-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LAC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, practitioners and writers coin terminology so arbitrarily, and often artificially, that no one system of nomenclature can be taken as authoritative and definitive. Commonly terms in use are <a href="Latinisation_of_names" title="Latinisation of names">Latinisations</a> or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hellenisation" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Hellenisation">Hellenisations</a> of descriptions of the media or activities. Examples of names coined for crystal gazing include 'crystallomancy', 'spheromancy', and '<a href="Catoptromancy" title="Catoptromancy">catoptromancy</a>'. As an example of the looseness of such terms, catoptromancy should refer more specifically to scrying by use of mirrors or other reflective objects rather than by crystal gazing. Other <a href="Methods_of_divination" title="Methods of divination">names that have been coined</a> for the use of various scrying media include <a href="Methods_of_divination" title="Methods of divination">anthracomancy</a> for glowing coals, turifumy for scrying into smoke, and hydromancy for scrying into water. There is no clear limit to the coining and application of such terms and media.<sup id="cite_ref-Robertson1991_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robertson1991-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Scrying has been practiced in many cultures in the belief that it can reveal the past, present, or future.<sup id="cite_ref-Regal_2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regal_2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guiley_2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guiley_2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some practitioners assert that visions that come when one stares into the media are from the <a href="Subconscious" title="Subconscious">subconscious</a> or <a href="Imagination" title="Imagination">imagination</a>, while others say that they come from <a href="Deity" title="Deity">gods</a>, spirits, <a href="Demon" title="Demon">devils</a>, or the <a href="Psychic" title="Psychic">psychic</a> mind, depending on the culture and practice. There is neither any systematic body of <a href="Empirical_evidence" title="Empirical evidence">empirical support</a> for any such views in general however, nor for their respective rival merits; individual preferences in such matters are arbitrary.<sup id="cite_ref-Regal_2009_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regal_2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div>

<p>The media most commonly used in scrying are reflective, refractive, translucent, or luminescent surfaces or objects such as <a href="Crystal" title="Crystal">crystals</a>, <a href="Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone">stones</a>, or <a href="Glass" title="Glass">glass</a> in various shapes such as crystal balls, <a href="Mirror" title="Mirror">mirrors</a>, reflective black surfaces such as obsidian, water surfaces, <a href="Fire" title="Fire">fire</a>, or <a href="Smoke" title="Smoke">smoke</a>, but there is no special limitation on the preferences or prejudices of the scryer; some may stare into pitch dark, clear sky, clouds, shadows, or light patterns against walls, ceilings, or pond beds. Some prefer glowing coals or shimmering <a href="Mirage" title="Mirage">mirages</a>. Some simply close their eyes, notionally staring at the insides of their own eyelids, and speak of "eyelid scrying".

</p><p>Scrying media generally either suggest images directly (such as figures in fire, fluid eddies, or clouds), or else they distort or reflect the observers' vision confusingly, in the manner to be seen in crystals or transparent balls. Such fancies have long been satirised by sceptics, for example in <i>Hamlet</i> III.ii:

</p>

<p>Do you see yonder cloud that's almost in shape of a camel?<br>

By the mass, and 'tis like a camel, indeed.<br>

Methinks it is like a weasel.<br>

It is backed like a weasel.<br>

Or like a whale?<br>

Very like a whale.

</p>

</div></blockquote>

<p>Alternatively the medium might reduce visual stimuli to thresholds below which any clear impressions could interfere with fancied visions or free association. Examples include darkened reflections of night sky, or plain shadow or darkness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEason2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEason2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods">Methods</h2></div>

<p>One class of methods of scrying involves a self-induced <a href="Trance" title="Trance">trance</a>, with or without the aid of a medium such as a crystal ball or, even via modern technology such as a <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> among other things. Some say that the sensation is drug-like, some that various drugs can potentiate the experience; others categorically exclude any connection with drug usage, believing that it invalidates any images observed.

</p><p>Many practitioners say that the scrying medium initially serves to focus attention, removing unwanted thoughts from the mind in much the same way as repetition of a <a href="Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a>, concentration on a <a href="Mandala" title="Mandala">mandala</a>, inducing <a href="The_Relaxation_Response" title="The Relaxation Response">the relaxation response</a>, or possibly by <a href="Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">hypnosis</a>. Once this stage is achieved, the scryer may begin free association with the perceived images. The technique of deliberately looking for and declaring these initial images aloud, however trivial or irrelevant they may seem to the conscious mind, attempts to deepen the trance state. In this state some scryers hear their own disassociated voices affirming what they see, in a mental feedback loop.

</p><p>Practitioners apply the process until they achieve a satisfactory state of perception in which rich visual images and dramatic stories seem to be projected within the medium itself, or in the mind's eye of the scryer. They report that the technique allows them to see relevant events or images within the chosen medium.

</p><p><a href="Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus">Nostradamus</a> practiced scrying; he would stare into a bowl of water or a magic mirror to see the future while he was in trance.<sup id="cite_ref-Guiley_2010_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guiley_2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion_and_mythology">Religion and mythology</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Mirrors_in_Mesoamerican_culture" title="Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture">Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hebrew_Bible">Hebrew Bible</h3></div>

<p>Divination is briefly mentioned in chapter 44 of the <a href="Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>. A silver chalice or cup is deliberately planted in Benjamin's sack when he leaves Egypt, later to be used as evidence of theft. It is revealed the cup belongs to Joseph, the vizier of Egypt, whose steward said it was used for drinking and divination during the course of his accusation. This is mentioned to reinforce his disguise as an Egyptian nobleman. Nothing in the book of Genesis indicates that Joseph actually used the cup for divination.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Persia">Ancient Persia</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Cup_of_Jamshid" title="Cup of Jamshid">Cup of Jamshid</a></div>

<p>The <i><a href="Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i>, a 10th-century epic work narrating historical and mythological past of <a href="Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Persia</a>, gives a description of what was called the <a href="Cup_of_Jamshid" title="Cup of Jamshid">Cup of Jamshid</a> (<i>Jaam-e Jam</i>), which was used by the ancient (mythological) Persian kings for observing all of the seven layers of the universe. The cup was said to contain an elixir of immortality, but without cogent explanation for any relevance of the elixir to the scrying function.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latter_Day_Saint_movement">Latter Day Saint movement</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Seer_stone_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Seer stone (Latter Day Saints)">Seer stone (Latter Day Saints)</a> and <a href="Urim_and_Thummim_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Urim and Thummim (Latter Day Saints)">Urim and Thummim (Latter Day Saints)</a></div>

<p>In the late 1820s, <a href="Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a> founded the <a href="Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a> based in part on insights gained from the reflections of <a href="Seer_stone_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Seer stone (Latter Day Saints)">seer stones</a>. Smith had at least three separate stones which he used initially in treasure-hunting expeditions. Subsequently, he took to placing his favorite stone inside his hat to read what he said were miraculous reflections from the stone.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith also said he possessed a pair of spectacles manufactured from seer stones, which he called the <a href="Urim_and_Thummim_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Urim and Thummim (Latter Day Saints)">Urim and Thummim</a> and which he said enabled him to translate the <a href="Golden_plates" title="Golden plates">golden plates</a> that are the stated source of the <a href="Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_folklore">In folklore</h2></div>

<p>Rituals that involve many acts similar to scrying in <a href="Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">ceremonial magic</a> are retained in the form of folklore and superstition. A formerly widespread tradition held that young women gazing into a mirror in a darkened room (often on <a href="Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a>) could catch a glimpse of their future husband's face in the mirror — or a <a href="Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">skull personifying Death</a> if their fate was to die before they married.

</p><p>Another form of the tale, involving the same actions of gazing into a mirror in a darkened room, is used as a <a href="Legend_tripping" title="Legend tripping">supernatural dare</a> in the tale of "<a href="Bloody_Mary_(folklore)" title="Bloody Mary (folklore)">Bloody Mary</a>". Here, the motive is usually to test the adolescent gazers' mettle against a malevolent <a href="Witch" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch">witch</a> or <a href="Ghost" title="Ghost">ghost</a>, in a ritual designed to allow the scryers' easy escape if the visions summoned prove too frightening.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Folklore superstitions such as those just mentioned, are not to be distinguished clearly from traditional tales, within which the reality of such media are taken for granted. In the fairytale of <a href="Snow_White" title="Snow White">Snow White</a> for example, the jealous queen consults a <a href="Mirror#Literature" title="Mirror">magic mirror</a>, which she asks "Magic mirror on the wall / Who is the fairest of them all?", to which the mirror always replies "You, my queen, are fairest of all." But when Snow White reaches the age of seven, she becomes as beautiful as the day, and when the queen asks her mirror, it responds: "Queen, you are full fair, 'tis true, but Snow White is fairer than you."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBesterman192465_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBesterman192465-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no uniformity among believers, in how seriously they prefer to take such tales and superstitions.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Western_esotericism">In Western esotericism</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a></div>

<p><a href="The_Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a> (1888-c.1902 in its original form) taught their own version of scrying that could be done individually or as a group. It emphasized three levels:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreer1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailswomengoldendawnr00greepagen128_108]–109_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreer1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailswomengoldendawnr00greepagen128_108]–109-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ol><li>"Scrying in the Spirit Vision" with an emphasis on inner seeing by focusing on a symbol or mirror,</li>

<li>"Traveling in the Spirit Vision" involves going to the place seen and interacting with what is found there,</li>

<li>"Rising on the Planes" focuses on a spiritual process (involving scrying via the Tree of Life) that has the potential to elevate consciousness to the level of the Divine.</li></ol>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_reception">Scientific reception</h2></div>

<p>Scrying is not supported by <a href="Science" title="Science">science</a> as a method of predicting the future or obtaining information unavailable to empirical investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some critics consider it to be a <a href="List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Regal_2009_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regal_2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skeptics consider scrying to be the result of <a href="Delusion" title="Delusion">delusion</a> or <a href="Wishful_thinking" title="Wishful thinking">wishful thinking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERawcliffe1987128–133_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERawcliffe1987128–133-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Psychologist <a href="Leonard_Zusne" title="Leonard Zusne">Leonard Zusne</a> suggested that scrying images are <a href="Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a> or <a href="Hypnagogia" title="Hypnagogia">hypnagogic</a> experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZusneJones1989116_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZusneJones1989116-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A 2010 paper in the journal <i><a href="Perception_(journal)" title="Perception (journal)">Perception</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> identified one specific method of reliably reproducing a scrying <a href="Illusion" title="Illusion">illusion</a> in a mirror and hypothesized that it "might be caused by low level fluctuations in the stability of edges, shading and outlines affecting the perceived definition of the face, which gets over-interpreted as ‘someone else’ by the <a href="Face_perception" title="Face perception">face recognition system</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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<ul><li><a href="Chinese_magic_mirror" title="Chinese magic mirror">Chinese magic mirror</a></li>

<li><a href="Ganzfeld_experiment" title="Ganzfeld experiment">Ganzfeld experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Lecanomancy" title="Lecanomancy">Lecanomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Macharomancy" title="Macharomancy">Macharomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Melong" title="Melong">Melong</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychomanteum" title="Psychomanteum">Psychomanteum</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_viewing" title="Remote viewing">Remote viewing</a></li>

<li><a href="Renaissance_magic" title="Renaissance magic">Renaissance magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Scyphomancy" title="Scyphomancy">Scyphomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Sensory_deprivation" title="Sensory deprivation">Sensory deprivation</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_viewer" title="Time viewer">Time viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Yard_globe" title="Yard globe">Yard globe</a></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"></span> Some content in this article was copied from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Glass_candle">Glass candle</a> at A Wiki of Ice and Fire, which is licensed under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license</a>.</li></ul>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown1993" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Lesley (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newshorteroxford00lesl"><i>The New shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles</i></a></span>. Oxford [Eng.]: Clarendon. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-19-861271-1</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas1905-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas1905_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomas1905">Thomas (1905)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-LAC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LAC_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLang1894" class="citation book cs1">Lang, Andrew (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cocklanecommonse00langrich"><i>Cock Lane and common-sense</i></a>. Longmans, Green, and Co.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Robertson1991-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robertson1991_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson1991" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, John G. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RFqlPtTSB2kC&pg=PA186"><i>Robertson's Words for a Modern Age: A Cross Reference of Latin and Greek Combining Elements</i></a>. Senior Scribe Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">184–</span>194. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-9630919-0-1</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Regal_2009-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Regal_2009_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Regal_2009_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Regal_2009_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRegal2009" class="citation book cs1">Regal, Brian (2009). <i>Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia</i>. Greenwood. pp. <span class="nowrap">55–</span>56. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-313-35507-3</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Guiley_2010-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guiley_2010_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guiley_2010_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGuiley2010" class="citation book cs1">Guiley, Rosemary (2010). <i>The Encyclopedia of Witches, Witchcraft and Wicca</i>. Facts on File. p. 319. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8160-7103-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEason2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEason2007_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEason2007">Eason (2007)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBushman2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Richard_Bushman" title="Richard Bushman">Bushman, Richard L.</a> (2005). <i><a href="Joseph_Smith%3A_Rough_Stone_Rolling" title="Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling">Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling</a></i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1400042708</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1853" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Lucy_Mack_Smith" title="Lucy Mack Smith">Smith, Lucy Mack</a> (1853). <a href="The_History_of_Joseph_Smith_by_His_Mother" class="mw-redirect" title="The History of Joseph Smith by His Mother"><i>The History of Joseph Smith by His Mother</i></a>. p. 101.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis (2004)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBesterman192465-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBesterman192465_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBesterman1924">Besterman (1924)</a>, p. 65.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreer1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailswomengoldendawnr00greepagen128_108]–109-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreer1995[httpsarchiveorgdetailswomengoldendawnr00greepagen128_108]–109_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreer1995">Greer (1995)</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womengoldendawnr00gree/page/n128">108</a>–109.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFProthero2007" class="citation book cs1">Prothero, Donald R. (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionwhatfos00prot_0"><i>Evolution: What the Fossils Say and Why It Matters</i></a></span>. Columbia University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionwhatfos00prot_0/page/11">11</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0231511421</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERawcliffe1987128–133-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERawcliffe1987128–133_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRawcliffe1987">Rawcliffe (1987)</a>, pp. 128–133.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZusneJones1989116-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZusneJones1989116_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZusneJones1989">Zusne & Jones (1989)</a>, p. 116.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCaputo2010" class="citation journal cs1">Caputo, G. B. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perceptionweb.com/abstract.cgi?id=p6466">"Strange-face-in-the-mirror illusion"</a>. <i>Perception</i>. <b>39</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">1007–</span>1008. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1068%2Fp6466">10.1068/p6466</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11576%2F2502312">11576/2502312</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20842976">20842976</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32982298">32982298</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBell2010" class="citation web cs1">Bell, Vaughan (18 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mindhacks.com/2010/09/18/the-strange-face-in-the-mirror-illusion">"The strange-face-in-the-mirror illusion"</a>. <i>Mind Hacks</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBesterman1924" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Theodore_Besterman" title="Theodore Besterman">Besterman, Theodore</a> (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/besterman-1924-crystal-gazing"><i>Crystal Gazing: Study in the History, Distribution, Theory and Practice of Scrying</i></a>. London: Rider.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEason2007" class="citation book cs1">Eason, Cassandra (2007). <i>Scrying the Secrets of the Future: How to Use Crystal Balls, Water, Fire, Wax, Mirrors, Shadows, and Spirit Guides to Reveal Your Destiny</i>. Career Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-56414-908-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEllis2004" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, Bill (2004). <i>Lucifer Ascending: The Occult in Folklore and Popular Culture</i>. University of Kentucky. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8131-2289-9</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGreer1995" class="citation book cs1">Greer, Mary K. (1995). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womengoldendawnr00gree"><i>Women of the Golden Dawn: Rebels and Priestesses</i></a></span>. Park Street Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0892816071</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRawcliffe1987" class="citation book cs1">Rawcliffe, D. H. (1987). <i>Occult and Supernatural Phenomena</i>. Dover. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-486-25551-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFThomas1905" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Northcote_W._Thomas" title="Northcote W. Thomas">Thomas, Northcote Whitridge</a> (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028955875"><i>Crystal Gazing: Its History and Practice with a Discussion on the Evidence for Telepathic Scrying</i></a>. London: Alexander Moring Limited: The De La More Press.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)</span></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFZusneJones1989" class="citation book cs1">Zusne, Leonard; Jones, Warren H. (1989). <i>Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking</i>. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-805-80507-9</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="Lyon_Sprague_De_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyon Sprague De Camp">De Camp, Lyon Sprague</a> (1980). <i><a href="The_Ragged_Edge_of_Science" title="The Ragged Edge of Science">The Ragged Edge of Science</a></i>. Owlswick Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-913896-06-3</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="Andrew_Lang" title="Andrew Lang">Lang, Andrew</a> (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psychanalyse-paris.com/812-Crystal-visions-savage-and.html">"Crystal Visions, Savage and Civilised"</a>. <i>The Making of Religion</i>. London: Longmans. pp. <span class="nowrap">83–</span>104.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Tyson, Donald (1997). <i>Scrying for Beginners: Tapping into the Supersensory Powers of Your Subconscious</i>. Llewellyn Publications.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="Richard_Wiseman" title="Richard Wiseman">Wiseman, Richard</a> (2011). <i><a href="Paranormality%3A_Why_We_See_What_Isn't_There" class="mw-redirect" title="Paranormality: Why We See What Isn't There">Paranormality: Why We See What Isn't There</a></i>. Macmillan. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-230-75298-6</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skepdic.com/scrying.html">Scrying</a> - <a href="Skeptic's_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptic's Dictionary">Skeptic's Dictionary</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Methods_of_divination51" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Methods_of_divination51" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Methods_of_divination" title="Methods of divination">Methods of</a> <a href="Divination" title="Divination">divination</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theriomancy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ailuromancy" title="Ailuromancy">Ailuromancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Alectryomancy" title="Alectryomancy">Alectryomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Augury" title="Augury">Augury</a></li>

<li><a href="Myomancy" title="Myomancy">Myomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Myrmomancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmomancy">Myrmomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Ornithomancy" title="Ornithomancy">Ornithomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Ngg%C3%A0m" title="Nggàm">Nggàm</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bibliomancy" title="Bibliomancy">Bibliomancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sortes_biblicae" title="Sortes biblicae">Bible</a></li>

<li><a href="Falnama" title="Falnama">Falnama</a></li>

<li><a href="Sortes_Homericae" title="Sortes Homericae">Homer</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhapsodomancy" title="Rhapsodomancy">Rhapsodomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Sortes_Vergilianae" title="Sortes Vergilianae">Virgil</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aspidomancy" title="Aspidomancy">Aspidomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Catoptromancy" title="Catoptromancy">Catoptromancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li>

<li><a href="Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li>

<li><a href="Oculomancy" title="Oculomancy">Oculomancy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elemental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pyromancy" title="Pyromancy">Pyromancy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Botanomancy" title="Botanomancy">Botanomancy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Capnomancy" title="Capnomancy">Capnomancy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Libanomancy" title="Libanomancy">Libanomancy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Aeromancy" title="Aeromancy">Aeromancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Alomancy" title="Alomancy">Alomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydromancy" title="Hydromancy">Hydromancy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lecanomancy" title="Lecanomancy">Lecanomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Scyphomancy" title="Scyphomancy">Scyphomancy</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cleromancy" title="Cleromancy">Cleromancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acultomancy" title="Acultomancy">Acultomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Aichmomancy" title="Aichmomancy">Aichmomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Astragalomancy" title="Astragalomancy">Astragalomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Axinomancy" title="Axinomancy">Axinomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Belomancy" title="Belomancy">Belomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Cartomancy" title="Cartomancy">Cartomancy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Parrot_astrology" title="Parrot astrology">Parrot astrology</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">Tarot card reading</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cowrie-shell_divination" title="Cowrie-shell divination">Cowrie-shell divination</a></li>

<li><a href="Favomancy" title="Favomancy">Favomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Kumalak" title="Kumalak">Kumalak</a></li>

<li><a href="Lithomancy" title="Lithomancy">Lithomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Mengdu" title="Mengdu">Mengdu</a></li>

<li><a href="Molybdomancy" title="Molybdomancy">Molybdomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Obi_divination" title="Obi divination">Obi divination</a></li>

<li><a href="Opele" title="Opele">Opele</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhabdomancy" title="Rhabdomancy">Rhabdomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runic magic</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Sikidy" title="Sikidy">Sikidy</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Sortes_(ancient_Rome)" title="Sortes (ancient Rome)">Sortes</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Sortes_Sanctorum" title="Sortes Sanctorum">Sortes Sanctorum</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Tasseography" title="Tasseography">Tasseography</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ventriloquism#Origins" title="Ventriloquism">Gastromancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a>

<ul><li><a href="S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">Séance</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Taghairm" title="Taghairm">Taghairm</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Somatomancy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anthropomancy" title="Anthropomancy">Anthropomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Cephalonomancy" title="Cephalonomancy">Cephalonomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Haruspex" title="Haruspex">Haruspex</a></li>

<li><a href="Omphalomancy" title="Omphalomancy">Omphalomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_bone" title="Oracle bone">Oracle bone</a></li>

<li><a href="Palmistry" title="Palmistry">Palmistry</a></li>

<li><a href="Podomancy" title="Podomancy">Podomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Scapulimancy" title="Scapulimancy">Scapulimancy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abacomancy" title="Abacomancy">Abacomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="African_divination" title="African divination">African</a>

<li><a href="Ngg%C3%A0m" title="Nggàm">Nggàm</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Sikidy" title="Sikidy">Sikidy</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Aleuromancy" title="Aleuromancy">Aleuromancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Alphitomancy" title="Alphitomancy">Alphitomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="%C3%85rsg%C3%A5ng" title="Årsgång">Årsgång</a></li>

<li><a href="Amniomancy" title="Amniomancy">Amniomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Apophenia" title="Apophenia">Apophenia</a></li>

<li><a href="Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparition</a></li>

<li><a href="Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ziwei_doushu" title="Ziwei doushu">Ziwei doushu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Carromancy" title="Carromancy">Carromancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Cledonomancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cledonomancy">Cledonomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li>

<li><a href="Geomancy" title="Geomancy">Geomancy</a></li>

<li><a href="I_Ching_divination" title="I Ching divination"><i>I Ching</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Mesopotamian_divination" title="Mesopotamian divination">Mesopotamian</a></li>

<li><a href="Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gematria" title="Gematria">Gematria</a></li>

<li><a href="Isopsephy" title="Isopsephy">Isopsephy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Onmyodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Onmyodo">Onmyodo</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a></li>

<li><a href="Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li>

<li><a href="Revelation" title="Revelation">Revelation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">Ecstasy</a></li>

<li><a href="Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">Vision</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tyromancy" title="Tyromancy">Tyromancy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Magic_and_witchcraft160" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Magic_and_witchcraft160" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a> and <a href="Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Witchcraft_in_Africa" title="Witchcraft in Africa">Africa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Azande_witchcraft" title="Azande witchcraft">Azande</a></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft_in_Ghana" title="Witchcraft in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_smeller" title="Witch smeller">Witch smeller</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Jh%C4%81kri" title="Jhākri">Jhākri</a></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft_in_the_Philippines" title="Witchcraft in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="European_witchcraft" title="European witchcraft">Europe</a>

<ul><li><a href="Witchcraft_in_Italy" title="Witchcraft in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Akelarre" title="Akelarre">Akelarre</a></li>

<li><a href="Benandanti" title="Benandanti">Benandanti</a></li>

<li><a href="Cunning_folk" title="Cunning folk">Cunning folk</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_world" title="Magic in the Greco-Roman world">Greece and Rome</a></li>

<li><a href="Sei%C3%B0r" title="Seiðr">Seiðr</a></li>

<li><a href="Seeress_(Germanic)" title="Seeress (Germanic)">Völva</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch-cult_hypothesis" title="Witch-cult hypothesis">Witch-cult hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft_in_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Witchcraft in Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England</a></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft_in_early_modern_Britain" title="Witchcraft in early modern Britain">Britain</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft_in_Latin_America" title="Witchcraft in Latin America">Latin America</a></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft_in_the_Middle_East" title="Witchcraft in the Middle East">Middle East</a></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft#Oceania" title="Witchcraft">Oceania</a>

<ul><li><a href="M%C4%81kutu" title="Mākutu">Mākutu</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Form</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chaos_magic" title="Chaos magic">Chaos magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Goetia" title="Goetia">Goetia</a></li>

<li><a href="Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li>

<li><a href="Medieval_European_magic" title="Medieval European magic">Medieval</a></li>

<li><a href="Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Neopagan witchcraft">Neopagan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Renaissance_magic" title="Renaissance magic">Renaissance</a></li>

<li><a href="Solitary_practitioner" title="Solitary practitioner">Solitary practitioner</a></li>

<li><a href="Warlock" title="Warlock">Warlock</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_doctor" title="Witch doctor">Witch doctor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li>

<li><a href="Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_magic" title="Black magic">Black magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">Magical formula</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Coven" title="Coven">Coven</a></li>

<li><a href="Curse" title="Curse">Curse</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anathema" title="Anathema">Anathema</a></li>

<li><a href="Damnation" title="Damnation">Damnation</a></li>

<li><a href="Demon" title="Demon">Demon</a></li>

<li><a href="Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li>

<li><a href="Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogen</a></li>

<li><a href="Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li>

<li><a href="Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiar</a></li>

<li><a href="Gray_magic" title="Gray magic">Gray magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Incantation" title="Incantation">Incantation</a></li>

<li><a href="Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li>

<li><a href="Moon_magic" title="Moon magic">Moon magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Occult" title="Occult">Occultism</a></li>

<li><a href="Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Black_shamanism" title="Black shamanism">Black</a></li>

<li><a href="Regional_forms_of_shamanism" title="Regional forms of shamanism">Regional</a></li>

<li><a href="Yellow_shamanism" title="Yellow shamanism">Yellow</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Sigil" title="Sigil">Sigils</a></li>

<li><a href="Kardecist_spiritism" title="Kardecist spiritism">Spiritism</a></li>

<li><a href="Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li>

<li><a href="Sympathetic_magic" title="Sympathetic magic">Sympathetic magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Witches'_Sabbath" title="Witches' Sabbath">Witches' Sabbath</a></li>

<li><a href="White_magic" title="White magic">White magic</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amulet" title="Amulet">Amulet</a></li>

<li><a href="Athame" title="Athame">Athame</a></li>

<li><a href="Broom" title="Broom">Broom</a>

<ul><li><a href="Besom" title="Besom">besom</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloak_of_invisibility" title="Cloak of invisibility">Cloak of invisibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Crystal_ball" title="Crystal ball">Crystal ball</a></li>

<li><a href="Flying_ointment" title="Flying ointment">Flying ointment</a></li>

<li><a href="Goofer_dust" title="Goofer dust">Goofer dust</a></li>

<li><a href="Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li>

<li><a href="Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a></li>

<li><a href="Julleuchter" title="Julleuchter">Julleuchter</a></li>

<li><a href="Kitchen_witch" title="Kitchen witch">Kitchen witch</a></li>

<li><a href="Love_magic" title="Love magic">Love charm</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_carpet" title="Magic carpet">Magic carpet</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_circle" title="Magic circle">Magic circle</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_ring" title="Magic ring">Magic ring</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_magical_weapons" title="List of magical weapons">Magical weapons</a>

<ul><li><a href="Magic_sword" title="Magic sword">Magic sword</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nkisi" title="Nkisi">Nkisi</a></li>

<li><a href="Nkondi" title="Nkondi">Nkondi</a></li>

<li><a href="Poppet" title="Poppet">Poppet</a></li>

<li><a href="Potion" title="Potion">Potions</a></li>

<li><a href="Sator_Square" title="Sator Square">Sator Square</a></li>

<li><a href="Talisman" title="Talisman">Talisman</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_ball" title="Witch ball">Witch ball</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch's_ladder" title="Witch's ladder">Witch's ladder</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folklore and<br>mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agamede" title="Agamede">Agamede</a></li>

<li><a href="Aradia" title="Aradia">Aradia</a></li>

<li><a href="Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li>

<li><a href="Dayan_(witch)" title="Dayan (witch)">Dayan</a></li>

<li><a href="Drude" title="Drude">Drude</a></li>

<li><a href="Elbow_witch" title="Elbow witch">Elbow witch</a></li>

<li><a href="Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalku" title="Kalku">Kalku</a></li>

<li><a href="Medea" title="Medea">Medea</a></li>

<li><a href="Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a></li>

<li><a href="Muma_P%C4%83durii" title="Muma Pădurii">Muma Pădurii</a></li>

<li><a href="Nine_sorceresses" title="Nine sorceresses">Nine sorceresses</a></li>

<li><a href="Obayifo" title="Obayifo">Obayifo</a></li>

<li><a href="Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li>

<li><a href="Sebile" title="Sebile">Sebile</a></li>

<li><a href="Sorginak" title="Sorginak">Sorginak</a></li>

<li><a href="Spearfinger" title="Spearfinger">Spearfinger</a></li>

<li><a href="Three_Witches" title="Three Witches">Three Witches</a></li>

<li><a href="Witches_of_Benevento" title="Witches of Benevento">Witches of Benevento</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_of_Endor" title="Witch of Endor">Witch of Endor</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br>historic treatises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Witchcraft_and_divination_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Witchcraft and divination in the Hebrew Bible">Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament</a> (8th–2nd centuries BC)</li>

<li><i><a href="Directorium_Inquisitorum" title="Directorium Inquisitorum">Directorium Inquisitorum</a></i> (1376)</li>

<li><i><a href="De_maleficis_mulieribus" class="mw-redirect" title="De maleficis mulieribus">De maleficis mulieribus</a></i> (1440)</li>

<li><i><a href="Formicarius" title="Formicarius">Formicarius</a></i> (1475)</li>

<li><i><a href="Summis_desiderantes_affectibus" title="Summis desiderantes affectibus">Summis desiderantes affectibus</a></i> (1484)</li>

<li><i><a href="Malleus_Maleficarum" title="Malleus Maleficarum">Malleus Maleficarum</a></i> (1487)</li>

<li><i><a href="De_Lamiis_et_Pythonicis_Mulieribus" class="mw-redirect" title="De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus">De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus</a></i> (1489)</li>

<li><i><a href="Laienspiegel" title="Laienspiegel">Laienspiegel</a></i> (1509)</li>

<li><i><a href="De_praestigiis_daemonum" title="De praestigiis daemonum">De praestigiis daemonum</a></i> (1563)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Discoverie_of_Witchcraft" title="The Discoverie of Witchcraft">The Discoverie of Witchcraft</a></i> (1584)</li>

<li><i><a href="Newes_from_Scotland" title="Newes from Scotland">Newes from Scotland</a></i> (1591)</li>

<li><i><a href="A_Dialogue_Concerning_Witches_and_Witchcrafts" title="A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts">A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts</a></i> (1593)</li>

<li><i><a href="Daemonolatreiae_libri_tres" title="Daemonolatreiae libri tres">Daemonolatreiae libri tres</a></i> (1595)</li>

<li><i><a href="Daemonologie" title="Daemonologie">Daemonologie</a></i> (1597)</li>

<li><i><a href="Magical_Investigations" class="mw-redirect" title="Magical Investigations">Magical Investigations</a></i> (1599)</li>

<li><i><a href="Compendium_Maleficarum" title="Compendium Maleficarum">Compendium Maleficarum</a></i> (1608)</li>

<li><i><a href="A_Guide_to_Grand-Jury_Men" title="A Guide to Grand-Jury Men">A Guide to Grand-Jury Men</a></i> (1627)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Discovery_of_Witches" class="mw-redirect" title="The Discovery of Witches">The Discovery of Witches</a></i> (1647)</li>

<li><i><a href="Trait%C3%A9_sur_les_apparitions_des_esprits_et_sur_les_vampires_ou_les_revenans_de_Hongrie%2C_de_Moravie%2C_%26c." title="Traité sur les apparitions des esprits et sur les vampires ou les revenans de Hongrie, de Moravie, &c.">Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants</a></i> (1751)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persecution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Modern_witch_hunts" title="Modern witch hunts">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jamyi_Witch_hiring_controversy" title="Jamyi Witch hiring controversy">Jamyi Witch hiring controversy</a></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft_accusations_against_children" title="Witchcraft accusations against children">accusations against children</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_hunts_in_India" title="Witch hunts in India">India</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_hunts_in_Nepal" title="Witch hunts in Nepal">Nepal</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_hunts_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Witch hunts in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_camp" title="Witch camp">Witch camp</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Witch_trials_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Witch trials in the early modern period">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Maryland_Witch_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Witch Trials">Maryland</a></li>

<li><a href="Salem_witch_trials" title="Salem witch trials">Salem</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Virginia" title="Witch trials in Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Hungary" title="Witch trials in Hungary">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="Northern_Moravia_witch_trials" title="Northern Moravia witch trials">Northern Moravia</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Poland" title="Witch trials in Poland">Poland</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Russia" title="Witch trials in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Latvia_and_Estonia" title="Witch trials in Latvia and Estonia">Baltic</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Denmark" title="Witch trials in Denmark">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_England" title="Witch trials in England">England</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Finland" title="Witch trials in Finland">Finland</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Iceland" title="Witch trials in Iceland">Iceland</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Norway" title="Witch trials in Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_early_modern_Scotland" title="Witch trials in early modern Scotland">Scotland</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Sweden" title="Witch trials in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Witch_trials_in_France" title="Witch trials in France">France</a></li>

<li><a href="Geneva_witch_trials" title="Geneva witch trials">Geneva</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Italy" title="Witch trials in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_trials_in_Spain" title="Witch trials in Spain">Spain</a>

<ul><li><a href="Basque_witch_trials" title="Basque witch trials">Basque</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Witch_trials_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire">Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch's_mark" title="Witch's mark">Witch's mark</a></li>

<li><a href="Pricking" title="Pricking">Pricking</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_people_executed_for_witchcraft" title="List of people executed for witchcraft">List of people executed for witchcraft</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Magic_in_fiction" title="Magic in fiction">Magic in fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_fictional_witches" title="List of fictional witches">Witches in fiction</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Witch_(word)" title="Witch (word)">Witch (word)</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_(archetype)" title="Witch (archetype)">Witch (archetype)</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_views_on_magic" title="Christian views on magic">Christian views on magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li>

<li><a href="Maleficium_(sorcery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maleficium (sorcery)">Maleficium</a></li>

<li><a href="Left-hand_path_and_right-hand_path" title="Left-hand path and right-hand path">Left-hand path and right-hand path</a></li>

<li><a href="Feminist_interpretations_of_witch_trials_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period">Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period</a></li>

<li><a href="Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Adept" title="Adept">Adept</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-08" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Scrying&oldid=1284596850">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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